#SUMMERY
(By Photographed by PHC Albert Bullock Uploaded by User:Dna-webmaster to Wikimedia Commons Originally uploaded by User:Stan Shebs to English Wikipedia [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)
(a)Cause of war
A link is about "Cause of war". Representatives of many different academic disciplines have attempted to explain war. A. J. P. Taylor famously described wars as being like traffic accidents. There are some conditions and situations that make them more likely but there can be no system for predicting where and when each one will occur. However, Social scientists criticize this approach arguing that at the beginning of every war some leader makes a conscious decision and that they cannot be seen as purely accidental. Also, there is psychological theories about cause of war. Psychologists such as E.F.M. Durban and John Bowlby have argued that human beings, especially men, are inherently violent. While these theories can explain why wars occur, they do not explain when or how they occur. In addition, there is problem about the question why there are sometimes long periods of peace and other eras of unending war. Because, if the innate psychology of the human mind is unchanging, these variations are inconsistent. About this, Franz Alexander solve the problem. He argues "peace does not really exist". A distinct branch of the psychological theories of war are the arguments based on evolutionary psychology. They think the war as animal's act and technology enhances human's destruction. People have mind that pursuit the bigger power. This link is a number of theories about it. Anthropological theories is that they think if human society is reformed, the war can disappear. Sociological theories is that they use detailed formula taking into account hundreds of demographic and economic values to predict when and where wars will break out. Information theories argues that all wars are based on a lack of information. And there are Economic theories and Marxist theories.
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(b)Conflict theory.
A link is about "Conflict theory". There are theoretical assumptions. They are Interactions, Change, Competition, Structural Inequality, Degree of Inequality, Revolution. In addition, the link explains key terms about conflict theory. Key terms are Class conflict, Ideology, Social class, Deviance, Proleteriat, Bourgeoisie, Capitalism. And there are propositions. There are Marx, Gumplowicz, Weber, Mills, Feminine Conflict Theory, Postcolonialism, World Systems Theory. Many philosophers think that conflict was a necessary part of society. Also, many sociologists have contributed to the development of conflict theory. Karl Heinrich Marx developed Maexism. He saw conflict as primarily resulting from class conflicts within industry and the economic segment of society. C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) also contributed to modern conflict theory. He thinks that elites have the control about social structure. There are Modern examples in this link. It is social stratification, wealth and power inequality, and drug abuse and crime.
#MENTION&QUESTIONS
I am interested in two sentences while reading this. The first is “One alternative is to argue that war is only, or almost only, a male activity and if human leadership was in female hands wars would not occur. This theory has played an important role in modern feminism.”. I strongly disagree with this. I think this is discriminating sentence between men and women. Why women doesn't have violence but mild characteristics. Is this the prejudices of society? According to the general social norms, not having violence is positive values but I think the say that men have violence and women doesn't have violence is to think different between mens and womens.sees that men and women there is no violence, men are not saying is that the violence women with violence. It is to make a sexist remark in all men and women position.
The second is “they do not explain when or how they occur”. Furthermore, I also think why war happens (fundamental the cause of the war). Many scholars also can't accomplish clear thinking about this answer. But the theory close to my position is "war is basically learned and happened because of cultural element rather than their nature. So, I think like anthropologist's thoughts if human society structure is reformed, the war can disappear. However, can reform of the human society be? According to an advocate of conflict, conflict is necessary and evitable component of society Do you think can be reformed to human society without war? What if?
I feel that the idea of war itself may not be completely a "learned" aspect of humans. In my opinion, it might be a combination of our inherent territorial behaviour, similar to how an animal like a chimpanzee might react if its home was under threat, and our development of society. The development of cooperative humans, of a society of people who depend on each other for survival seem to enhance and amplify our innate territorial instincts, leading us to what we now call war.
ReplyDeleteHence, I do not think that war will disappear in the future. We will only change the way that we fight for what we want. It may not have to do with killing each other but compete, we will.