Summary)
Collective Behavior
Crowd is a group that gathering of people
who have similar purpose. It is common in modern society. But if crowd go bad
it is said mob, violent crowd. And mob’s violent behavior without specific goal
is said riot. As media has advance, collective behavior can be done, regardless
of distance.
#Theories of Crowd Behavior
1. Contagion Theory
This theory proposes that crowds have a
psychological influence on their members. This theory has some problem.
2. Convergence Theory
This theory argues that the behavior of
crowds is a result of individuals who have similar think. This theory also
argues that members of crowd do action following crowd do.
3. Emergent-Norm Theory
This theory combines above two theories.
4. Crowds as Gatherings
#Panic
Panic, a sudden terror, occur in disaster
situations. Moral panic fueled by media. It sometimes lead people to riot.
#Riot
Riot is a form of civil disorder and it has
rash violence. If people have dissatisfaction, riot will occur in reaction to
dissatisfaction. Examples of dissatisfaction are working or living conditions, government
oppression. Riot destroy private and public property.
#Mass Hysteria
Mass hysteria people often lose
self-control because of the overwhelming fear.
#Fads
Known as craze. It similar to fashion.
#Rumors
It is no certain information of events.
Social Movement
Aberle described four types of social
movements based on two standard: who is changed? And how much change?
Specific individuals are change and change
is limited, it is alternative social movements. Specific individuals are change
and change is radical, it is redemptive social movements. Everyone change and
change is limited, it is reformative movements. Everyone change and change is
radical, it is revolutionary social movements.
Who is change?
|
How much change?
| ||
Limited
|
Radical
| ||
Specific
individuals
|
Alternative
Social
movements
|
Redemptive
Social
Movements
| |
Everyone
|
Reformative
Social
movements
|
Revolutionary
Social
movements
| |
Blumer, Mauss and Tilly described different
stages social movements.
#Social Movement Theories
1. Deprivation Theory
People feel deprived of some resources. So
individuals wanting some resources likely to organize social movement to
improve their life.
2. Mass-Society Theory
Individuals in large societies who feel
themselves useless do social movements. Social movements provide sense of
belonging.
3. Structural-Strain Theory
This proposes six factors that encouraging
social movement: structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread
of a solution, precipitating factors, lack of social control, mobilization.
4. Resource-Mobilization Theory
This sets a high value on resources in
social movement development and success. Resources include not only material
things but nonmaterial things such as knowledge, media and legitimacy.
5. Political Process Theory
This is similar to resource mobilization in
many regards. But it tends to emphasize political opportunities. Some members
of society feel like they receive unfair treatment or that social system is
unjust, social movements occur.
6. Culture Theory
It is sum of political process theory and
resource-mobilization theory.
Mention & Question)
Above all things SOCIAL MOVEMENT is interesting.
Before read this writing I think social movement is similar thigs to social
mobility. But after read this, it is not. Social mobility is change of status.
However social movement is like campaign to correct somethings like social
unfairness. And I wonder that what kind of social movement exist.
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