Summary
#1_Collective behaviorThe term Collective behavior refers to social processes and events. Traditionally, collective behavior in sociology includes four forms[1]: the crowd, the public, the mass, and the social movement. A crowd is a gathering of people who share a purpose or intent and influence one another. Crowds are a common occurrence in modern life.
-Theories of Crowd Behavior
-conragion theory
contagion theory proposes that crowds exert a hypnotic influence on their members.
-convergence theory
Convergence theory argues that the behavior of a crowd is not an emergent property
of the crowd but is a result of like-minded individuals coming together
-emergent-norm theory
This theory takes a symbolic interactionist approach to understanding crowd behavior,
arguing that it is a combination of like-minded individuals, anonymity,
and shared emotion that leads to crowd behavior.
-crowds as "gathering"
This new approach distinguishes what brings people together as a gathering from what
they do once gathered. Most gatherings are temporary and are formed
by an assembling process
#2_Social movement
Social movements are any broad social alliances of people who are connected through their shared interest in blocking or affecting social change.
-Social Movement Theories
-deprivation theory
Deprivation Theory argues that social movements have their foundations
among people who feel deprived of some good(s) or resource(s).
-mass-society theory
Mass-Society Theory argues that social movements are made up of individuals
in large societies who feel insignificant or socially detached.
-structural-strain theory
This theory is also subject to circular reasoning as it incorporates, at least in part,
deprivation theory and relies upon it, and social/structural strain for the underlying
motivation of social movement activism.
-political process theory
Political Process Theory is similar to resource mobilization in many regards,
but tends to emphasize a different component of social structure that is important
for social movement development: political opportunities. Political opportunity refers
to the receptivity or vulnerability of the existing political system to challenge.
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