KIMJIEUN(김지은) _W10

2016014293 KIMJIEUN(김지은)

#SUMMERY

(By No-racism.png: Martynas Barzda derivative work: Germo (No-racism.png) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

(a) RACE
A link is about "race". Race is physical and biological classification according to morphological features (like skin color that would look with eye). Race has social identity and may lies at the center of controversy. There are social characteristics that are often used to racial classification. It is nationality, tribe, religious faith, shared language, shared culture, shared traditions. Racial division were derived from ancient Egypt. There are a lot of bias about race. Prejudice is social stereotypes. These biases can lead to discrimination and abuse. However, this link use "Post-judgment" than prejudice. These stereotypes about race are accumulated from the experience of life. Many people think negatively biase and prejudice, but some sociologists have argued that prejudices and biases can be seen as necessary human adaptations facilitating survival. Racism is one's way of thinking or desire that rationalize inequal repression between ethnic group in accordance with the human biological features. A particular race is naturally superior or inferior to other race. There are Individual-level Racism, Structural Racism, Cultural Racism, Historical Raicism, etc in Racism. There are also Minorities, Racial Stratification, Race and Pollution and Interracial Marriae in this link.

 

(By Mariok hr (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

(b) GENDER 
This link is about gender/sex. First, the term "gender" and "sex" are used differently. Term "gender" means femininity and maleness learned culturally. Thus, gender involves values or beliefs about gender. On the other hand, term "sex" means biological and behavior center's sex. Therefore, it is the biological concept to distinguish males and females. In addition, this link say trans-gender and cis-gender. Trans-gender means a person that is different from physical body and mental gender. On the other hand, Cis-gender means person that is same from physical body and mental gender. Biological differences between women and men exist. For example, the average male percent 10 is taller, 20 percent heavier, 35 percent and stronger in the upper body than the average female (In addition, like life expectancy). As well as biological differences, the social, psychological differences also exist. It is justly the difference according to the social, environmental, cultural and historical context. For example, in work group situations in the U.S., men tend to focus on the task at hand whereas women tend to focus more on personal relationships. However, studies of trans people have demonstrated that these differences are often the result of differential treatment women and men receive in the workplace. Sexism means to have unfair treatment according to gender and prejudice about specific gender. There are also various theory about gender in this link.

 

#MENTION&QUESTION

I am interested in the opinion that In the 19th century a number of natural scientists wrote on race (Georges Cuvier, James Cowles Pritchard, Louis Agassiz, Charles Pickering, and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach). These scientists made three claims about race. First, races are objective, naturally occurring divisions of humanity. Second, there is a strong relationship between biological races and other human phenomena (such as social behavior and culture, and by extension the relative material success of cultures). Third, race is therefore a valid scientific category that can be used to explain and predict individual and group behavior. The reason that I interested in this part is that I get on one´s nerves second and third opinion. Especially the third opinion is best. Of course, if I think practically and coldly, these third opinion is correct. However, that fragmentarily race is a valid scientific category that can be used to explain and predict individual and group behavior is so sad. What do you think about claim of these scholars?

Posting W10, joon hee Lee

Summary

a) Race

Race is a concept that shows people's differences based on biological characteristics. Race distinguishes people extremely. And this often causes conflict with society's identity. Ethnicity is ‘social and cultural traits' shared by members of the nation without being affected by race.

The curiosity of race was studied by many scientists in 19th century and they concluded t race was scientifically worthy. There are four concepts that define race (essentialist, taxonomic, population, lineage). Most of us think that essentialist and taxonomic are races. To understand race, both biological and social factors must be considered.

Prejudice is an act of hastening to judge something without prior knowledge. Most prejudices are known to be negative. If this prejudice is extreme, it can develop into discrimination. It is clear that both are negative views in society. However, some people think that these are indispensable actions for survival.

Racism is an act that has all the prejudices and discriminations mentioned before. This idea of suppressing certain races has so far devastated the human rights of many people. Such discrimination can occur both individual and structural. In modern times, a lot of people are trying to get rid of this idea. But, there are still racism around the world.

b) Gender

Sociologists distinguish between two (1-sex, 2-gender). 1 is similar to individual's identity finding among men and women by myself. On the other hand, 2 is determined by biological factors in society. Also, 1 and 2 are further distinguished (3-Cis, 4-Trans). 3 are people who have adapted to the concept of gender given in society. On the other hand, 4 are the ones who rejected this. These concepts can also change because they are relative.

There are also social structural and biological differences in gender/sex. The division of men and women is carried out through biological factors, and the division of masculine and feminine is divided by social structural factors. Differences in gender various in society (job preference, income, education, etc.).

Sexism is the idea shaped by prejudice and discrimination like Racism. This is part of a continuing social problem too. The most common sexism are discrimination and violence against women and trans genders. We need to work to solve these problems, but occasionally reverse discrimination occurs in this process.

Opinion and Question

In this week, I studied about race and gender related to society. Both race and gender are relatively innate element of people rather than acquired. So, this especially made individual feels belongship and hostility. And this is easily connected to prejudice, discrimination, bias.

Furthermore, I amazed a lot of information about correrlation between race,gender and society. the research datas in wiki-books taught me there are many sociologist study these.I reminded one more the contents of wiki-books are very enormous.

Finally, I 'm interested in the solution to remove the discrimination maximizely. And I think the solution is (Cultural) relativism that studied before. the reason why occurs discrimination is 'lack of understanding'. So, To eliminate bias, We move one step back and try to search the oppenent. This is exactly difficult. But, this is necessary to remove our prejudice.

Also, I want to study more about sociologist's and other people's solution that didn't mentioned in wiki-books. 

POSTING by Dong Min CHOI

#Summary
Race is human's group that have similar biological, physical features.
And, Ethnicity is  human's social characteristic  linked by there culture, social custom, like language, religion.
Also, sex is biological concept that divide man, woman. However, gender is social concept that divide man, woman.
Sex is diveded obviously biological man, woman. But, through gender is said social role of man, woman, gender is not divided clearly.(Like cook is man's role?)

#Mention
It is very interesting that many of human's concept.
Between these concept, gender is most wonderful. Because, that concept is very unclear.
In other word, rather than concept is unclear, the example of that is unclear. (ambiguous role of man, woman.)

#Question.
In korea, country from old times, conservative, gender is relatively obvious concept?
Either, like advanced country, gender have ambiguous features?

Posting by HyeonMin Kim

Summary


-Race and Ethnicity

 Race is separation by human's physical differences. Ethnicity is character of ethnic. The 'Ethnicity' concentrate to sharing past and culture. 19th century's natural scientists wrote on race, they made three arguments about race. That is,
 1. races and objectives, naturally occurring divisions of humanity
 2. there is a strong relationship between biological races and other human phenomena
 3. race is therefore a valid scientific category that can be used to explain and predict individual
     and group behavior
 Differences of race caused prejudice, bias, and discrimination. Finally, that is connected to  Racism.








(Image from http://www.apa.org/topics/race/)




-Gender

 Sociologists make a division between sex and gender. Sex is identify as either female or male. Gender is social position by sexual distinction. Generally, gender diffrences caused work and occupation's inequality. It is Sexism. Sexism can refer to hatred of men or women or transsexuals. Theory related gender is many thing, typically, Feminist Theory, Patriarchy.

(Image from http://quotesgram.com/img/gender-differences-quotes/4270734/)




Opinion

 Race and sex caused many inequlity. Racism and Sexism bring about numerous conflict, it is connected to fight. I think, stop the prejudice. Then, society is more peaceful.


Discussion

 How erased the Racism and Sexism?

W10 posting by han seung gu

1.Summary

1.A race is a human population that is believed to be distinct in some way from other humans based on real or imagined physical differences. Ethnicity focuses more on group member’s past and culture shared in past.
Racial classifications are rooted in the idea of biological.it's often controversial due to their impact on social identity .This early treatment merged racial and ethnic differences, combining skin-color with tribal and national identities from Eqyptians.
And race has two types. One is the social construct. ;social constructionist. they focuse on the race's distinction made by human. the other focuse on race made by the nature;fuzzy,sets,clusters,extended families.
Because of feature of race, There are negative aspect:Racism.
And There are many divisions about racism.
indvidual-level,cultural racism,historical racism.structure racism.color-blind racsim.genocide.


2.Sociologists make a distinction between gender and sex.
Gender refers to a peron's percieved. recognized social position.
Gender refers to a person's attempt to signify a masculine or feminine self.
Sex refers to a person's assignment,based on genetics nd genetic factors.
And gender/sex has a two type.: Cis,Trans.
Cis sex/gender people are those who conform to the existing notions of sex and gender within a given social, historical, cultural, political, and scientific context.
Trans sex/gender people are those who do not conform to the existing notions of sex and gender within a given social, historical, cultural, political, and scientific context.
there are some clear physiological differences between the two sexes.scholars typically attempt to explain the differences in one of two ways. Scientific disciplines argue that biological distinctions create these differences, and use these differences to argue that there are inherent differences between women and men.  And more progressive and diverse scientific communities generally argue that these differences reflect existing gender inequalities within a given society.
Gender differences (whether reflected in later physiology or not) typically vary by society, environment, historical context, and/or culture.
Specifically work,occupation,education.
Sexism is discrimination against people based on their perceived sex or gender.
And sociologists make theories:Gender socialization, Structural functionalism, Conflict theory, Feminist theory.

2.opinion

I don't know the race's classification in Eqyptians. l had very surprised that there are classification from a long ago. And still, racism has remain today.I think we have to right the racism as soon as possible. Also, i first know the distinction between gender and sex.
and I think the women and men just differ not wrong. so i hope the real femenism will be realized.

3.Question

To be frankly speaking, it's hard thing to right stereotypes about race,sex. so I think we need to  practice small things one by one. So what is the good things to right stereotypes.

Posting by Hyojeong Hwangbo(황보효정)_W10

1. Race and Ethnicity

Summary:

Race classifies people according to their physical characteristics.

Ethnicity refers to social characteristics that share cultural characteristics.

The criteria for classifying ethnic are nationality, tribe, religious faith, shared language, shared culture, and shared traditions.

Race is defined biologically.

Skin color, hair color, etc is a standard for classifying races.

From the beginning, the United States has classified races into various categories.

Classifying races was also used to label the slaves.

Brazilian races are divided into five categories according to their skin color: white, black, pardoor (brown), yellow, and Indigenous.

There is much controversy about the definition of race.

Prejudice means making a preliminary judgment about something.

Bias and prejudice have stereotypes that can lead to negative results.

Racism is an act of discrimination based on race, with negative stereotypes.

Racial discrimination appears in a variety of forms.

Racial discrimination is stronger for minority groups.

As a result, sometimes minority groups move to dominant groups.

Opinion:

It was good to know how race and ethnicity are distinguished through this data.

And I was able to build up a lot of knowledge about how to distinguish races in each country.

I also felt the severity of racial discrimination through this material.

I hope that racial discrimination in the world disappears.

Question:

What is the status of racial discrimination in Korea?

And I wonder that how can we eliminate racism.

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_South_Korea

2. gender

Summary:

Sociologists classify gender and sex differently.

Gender is distinguished on the basis of masculine and feminine behavior.

Sex is classified according to genes and biological factors.

Cis sex / gender people is a person with a gender that conforms to existing social notions.

Trans sex / gender people are people who do not follow the existing notion of gender.

Men and women have physical and mental differences and life expectancy is different.

Men and women also differ in terms of employment and wages.

In the past, the level of education was much higher for males than females.

In recent years, however, the education level of women has become very high.

But still no real equality was achieved.

Sexism means discrimination against voting rights, media, and income according to gender.

Depending on the gender, socialization proceeds differently, which can instill stereotypes about gender in the process of growth.

Opinion:

Through this data, I learned how to distinguish between gender and sex.

And I realized that sexism happens in more fields than I thought.

I hope that the issue of sex discrimination in society as a whole will be resolved so that an equality era in which both men and women are not discriminated by sex will come.

Question:

Sex discrimination occurs throughout society.

What are examples of gender discrimination that do not appear in this data?

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_South_Korea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality

Extra posting by kimhyemin

Would you like to have more say in the political decision making?

YES

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/DC_Statehood_Now.jpg

My answer to this question is "Yes".

Because,The ultimate reason is that our country needs more laws for 20s and college students like myself.

How many laws are enacted for the present poor and hard young college student of the law?

I think that our country has little opportunity for citizens to participate in making political decisions.

Compared to other countries, relatively ..

In particular, young people do not participate in making political decisions.

In other countries, there are 20s congressperson(국회의원)

But in Korea, the average of congressperson age is 56.

So the country should give us more the right to speak,

We need to be more involved in political decisions.

Unfortunately, we do not know if our remarks will lead to actual decisions.

But we should not stop to have more say in the political decision making.