#SUMMERY
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- Demography
Demography is the study of the changes in numbers of populations over time. Demographic analysis is the tool that can explain sudden transition of populations and sudden sociological phenomena like world war. The scientific and industrial revolutions affect population transition. Censuses were instituted because of a basis for taxation and political representation for political purposes. Populations calculation is composed of birth and death rates. Birth rates are referred to as fertility and death rates are referred to as mortality. Also, migration or movement trend is used to demography. Important demographic concept relating to fertility is replacement level. Replacement level refers to the number of children that a women must have to replace existing population. In addition, higher levels of educational attainment result in lower fertility rates. Fertility rates are also closely related to a country's level of development. Mortality in demography is interested in the number of deaths in a given time or place or the proportion of deaths in relation to a population. The more educated people are, the longer people can expect to live. Because the more education someone has, the lower his/her likelihood of smoking and engaging in unhealthy and high risk behaviors. The demographic transition is a model and theory describing the transition from high birth rates and death rates. Overpopulation is defined to the number of individuals compared to the resources they need to survive. In this context, some scholars argue that human populations grow and shrink according to their available food supply. These overpopulation affects famine and shortage about energy, arable land. About these problem, laissez-faire attitude people argue that if the Earth's ecosystem becomes overtaxed, it will naturally regulate itself. However objectors to this argument argues that if a huge number of plant and animal species become extinct, this would result in terrible pollution in some areas that would be difficult to abate. Beside this, the link discuss underpopulation, migration, and urbanization.
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#MENTION
I am interested in population transition caused communicable diseases and world war.
Cholera pandemic that occurred in JOSEON in 1821 and 1822 is reported to about hundreds of thousands of deaths. However, this is just the reported number. Actually more would have died. The public official is usually to reduce the number of death to avoid responsibility. That time, the population is around 10 million. So, it was a huge number of number of deaths.
World war is war that arrives the peak "Who kill the highest number of people".
There was a germ warfare and chemical warfare. This war was a sudden reduction of the total population of the world. Sudden death of family and friends make world people panicked.
#QUESTION
The link says as follows.
[One of the strongest predictors of fertility rates is women's educational attainment. Higher levels of educational attainment result in lower fertility rates.
It is not, however, education itself that causes declines in fertility but rather its association with other factors that reduce fertility.
One of the biggiest factors is the cost of children.
In undeveloped and developing countries, children are often an economic asset to parents as they serve as cheap labor on the farm.]
I think the fundamental factors is bad government's welfare about lower fertility rates.
Low fertility rate should not be treated as a matter of personal problems like women's educational attainment and the cost of children.
For example, if the government think the reason about low fertility is the cost of children, the government should serve welfare of the cost of children.
How do you think this matter?
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