Demographics is the population change of a society,for a period of time.
And,
It is a statistic that studies population fluctuations related to socio-economic factors(Such as age, income, gender, occupation, education).
By Sérgio Valle Duarte (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
2
Why study demography?
Because it is a powerful tool to explain sociological phenomena.
3
History
Demography has its roots in sociology.
And, demography began in the 18th century.
4
Data and Methods
4.1
Demographic Indicators
Demographers focus on specific indicators of change.
In demography, birth and death play an important role.
Demography often provides useful portraits of social patterns, but it is important to note that
4.2
Fertility and Fecundity
Fertility indicate the ability of females to produce offspring in abundance.
Fecundity is the potential reproductive capacity of a female.
And this article introduced the criteria that measure demographics.
Through a variety of graphs,
This part has helped my understanding.
4.3
Mortality
Mortality is a very important indicator of demography.
Because all the population is dead.
Some of the more common demographic measures of mortality include :
crude death rate
infant mortality rate
life expectancy
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The Demographic Transition
The demographic transition is a model and theory describing the transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates.
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Population Growth and Overpopulation
The overpopulation is that the population of living species exceeds the capacity of ecological crack.
Currently, the world population increases by 800,000 every year.
6.1
Early Projections of Overpopulation
Early in the 19th century, Thomas Malthus argued that, while resources tend to grow arithmetically, population grows exponentially.
So Malthus argued for population control, through moral restraint, to avoid this happening.
6.2
Population as a Function of Food Availability
6.3
Effects of Overpopulation
6.4
Possible Solutions to Overpopulation
Overpopulation causes problems.
So how can we overcome the overpopulation?
Spreading awareness of the issues is an important first step in addressing it.
The productive approach is to provide a combination of help targeted towards population control and self-sufficiency.
And, One solution is effective family planning programs, local renewable energy systems, sustainable agriculture methods and supplies, reforestation, and measures to protect the local environment.
I think that the solutions you have provided to solve the issues of overpopulation and the high stress it puts on a city's infrastructure can also be used to solve an aging society.
ReplyDeleteBy improving people's education on how a family should function properly and efficiently, and by focusing development on renewable energy sources, the pressures and cost of having more children might lighten. By making the environment sustainable, you could also make having children sustainable.